Tag Archives: communities

Papers

Citations among blogs in a hierarchy of communities: method and case study

Abdelhamid Salah brahim, Bénédicte Le Grand, Lionel Tabourier, Matthieu Latapy

How does the structure of a network (e.g. its organization into groups or communities) impact the interaction among its nodes? In this paper we propose a generic methodology to study the correlation between complex networks interactions and their community structure. We illustrate it on a blog network and focus on citation links. We first define a homophily probability evaluating the tendency of blogs to ite blogs from the same communities. We then introduce the notion of community distance to capture if a blog cites (or is cited by) blogs distant or not from its community. We analyze the distribution of distances corresponding to each citation link, and use it to build maps of relevant communities which help interpreting blogs interactions. This community-oriented approach allows to study citation links at various abstraction levels, and conversely, enable us to characterize communities with regard to their citation behaviour.

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Extraction hiérarchique de fenêtres de temps basée sur la structure communautaire

Thomas Aynaud and Jean-Loup Guillaume

Dans cet article nous décrivons une méthode de décomposition du temps en fenêtres de temps dans un graphe dynamique. Une particularité de la méthode est que le résultat est un regroupement hiérarchique : les fenêtres de temps sont elles-mêmes susceptibles d'en contenir. En outre, les fenêtres n'ont pas besoin d'être contiguës ce qui permet par exemple de détecter une structure se répétant. De plus, chaque fenêtre est associée à une décomposition en communautés représentant la structure topologique du réseau durant cette fenêtre. Nous appliquons ensuite cette méthode à trois graphes de terrain dynamiques ayant des caractéristiques différentes pour montrer que les fenêtres identifiées correspondent bien à des phénomènes observables. In this paper, we describe a way to cluster the time in time windows in a dynamic network. The result is a tree and thus time windows can themselves contain smaller ones. Moreover, the windows do not have to be consecutive and this allows for instance to detect repeated structure. Each window is also associated to a community decomposition that represents the topological structure of the network during this window. We then apply the method to three dynamic networks to show that observed time windows correspond to observable phenomena.

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Multi-Step Community Detection and Hierarchical Time Segmentation in Evolving Networks

Thomas Aynaud and Jean-Loup Guillaume

Many complex systems composed of interacting objects  like social networks or the web can be modeled as graphs. They can usually be divided in dense sub-graphs with few links between them, called communities and detecting this underlying community structure may have a major impact in the understanding of these systems. We focus here on evolving graphs, for which the usual approach is to represent the state of the system at different time steps and to compute communities independently on the graph obtained at each time step. We propose in this paper to use a different framework: instead of detecting communities on each time step, we detect a unique decomposition in communities that is relevant for (almost) every time step during a given period called the time window.  We propose a definition of this new decomposition and two algorithms to detect it quickly. We validate both the approach and the algorithms on three evolving networks of different kinds showing that the quality loss at each time step is very low despite the constraint of maximization on several time steps. Since the time window length is a crucial parameter of our technique, we also propose an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm to build automatically a hierarchical time segmentation into time windows. This clustering relies on a new similarity measure based on community structure. We show that it is very efficient in detecting meaningful windows.

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Optimisation locale multi-niveaux de la modularité

Thomas Aynaud, Vincent Blondel, Jean-Loup Guillaume and Renaud Lambiotte

Dans ce chapitre, nous présentons une méthode gloutonne pour optimiser la modularité d'un graphe. Cette méthode de partionnement permet de traiter avec une excellente précision des systèmes de taille inégalée, allant jusqu'à plusieurs milliards de liens. Notre algorithme a de surcroît l'avantage de ne pas être limité à l'optimisation de la modularité puisqu'il peut être généralisé à d'autres fonctions de qualité, et de découvrir des communautés à différentes échelles. Les performances de l'algorithme sont évaluées sur des graphes artificiels pour lesquels la structure communautaire est connue, ainsi que sur des graphes de terrain réels.

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Long range community detection

Thomas Aynaud and Jean-Loup Guillaume

Complex networks can usually be divided in dense subnetworks called communities. In evolving networks, the usual way to detect communities is to find several partitions independently, one for each time step. However, this generally causes troubles when trying to track communities from one time step to the next. We propose here a new method to detect only one decomposition in communities that is good for (almost) every time step. We show that this unique partition can be computed with a modification of the Louvain method and that the loss of quality at each time step is generally low despite the constraint of global maximization. We also show that some specific modifications of the networks topology can be identified using this unique partition in the case of the Internet topology.

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Papers

Détection de communautés à long terme dans les graphes dynamiques

Thomas Aynaud and Jean-Loup Guillaume

La plupart des graphes de terrain peuvent être décomposés en sous graphes denses appelés communautés. Habituellement, dans des graphes dynamiques, les communautés sont détectées pour chaque instant indépendamment ce qui pose de nombreux problèmes tels que la stabilité ou le suivi de des communautés entre deux décompositions successives. Nous proposons ici une méthode pour trouver une partition unique, de qualité, couvrant une longue période. Cette décomposition peut être trouvée efficacement via une adaptation de la méthode de Louvain et la perte de qualité à chaque instant due à la contrainte de détecter des communautés globales s’avère assez faible.

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Static community detection algorithms for evolving networks

Thomas Aynaud and Jean-Loup Guillaume

Complex networks can often be divided in dense sub-networks called communities. We study, using a partition edit distance, how three community detection algorithms transform their outputs if the input network is sligthly modified. The instabilities appear to be important and we propose a modification of one algorithm to stabilize it and to allow the tracking of the communities in a dynamic network. This modification has one parameter which is a tradeoff between stability and quality. The resulting algorithm appears to be very effective. We finally use it on a dynamic network of blogs.

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Structure multi-échelle de grands graphes de terrain

Thomas Aynaud and Jean-Loup Guillaume

Most complex networks can be divided into dense sub-graphs called communities. These communities may also be divided recursively producing a hierarchical structure of communities, summarized in a tree named dendrogram. In this article we analyze this structure extracted from several complex networks. First we study the shape of the tree and, in particular, communities imbrications. Then we show that an excessive decomposition of communities can result in meaningless communities. We propose a couple of approaches to solve this problem.

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Interactive multiscale visualization of huge graphs: application to a network of weblogs

Massoud Seifi, Jean-loup Guillaume, Matthieu Latapy and Bénédicte Le Grand

De nombreux réseaux du monde réel peuvent être modélisés par des grands graphes. Réduire la complexité d'un graphe de manière à ce qu'il puisse être facilement interprété par l'oeil humain est une aide précieuse pour comprendre et analyser ce type de données. Nous proposons une méthodologie de visualisation interactive multi-échelle de grands graphes basée sur une classification des sommets qui nous permet de représenter ces graphes de manière lisible et interprétable. Nous appliquons notre méthodologie à un réseau de blogs francophones.

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Plots

Dynamics and stability of communities

Dynamics and stability of communities

> By Thomas Aynaud and Jean-Loup Guillaume To study the communities dynamics and stability, we have taken a network representing the co-authorship of scientists on www.arxiv.org and we have successively removed one random node and kept the biggest connected component. At each step, we have detected the communities in two ways. We have, first, used [...]

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